Execution Watch

Vagaries of Capital Punishment Confer Life in NH, Death in TX

blogadmin | 11 November, 2008 18:33

MULTI-MILLIONAIRE COMMITS MURDER, ESCAPES DEATH PENALTY

The headline could have been ripped from the pages of a Galveston newspaper, circa 2003.

Today marks the fifth anniversary of the day real estate heir Robert Durst not only escaped the death penalty for killing his neighbor but avoided punishment altogether, receiving an acquittal despite a gruesome confession.

This headline is more recent, however. It refers to a case in New Hampshire, where a jury last week: convicted businessman John Brooks of murder for hire and murder during a kidnapping, confirmed that his crime involved several aggravating factors, and declined to impose the death penalty.

Prosecutor Kirsten Wilson commented philosophically, "The law is set up in a way that makes it incredibly difficult to sentence someone to death, and it should be that way."

Her statement alone would tell you this is not a Texas case -- especially not one from Harris County.

Since the U.S. Supreme Court opened the door for executions to resume with Gregg v. Georgia in 1976, Texas has eclipsed all other states in manifesting its enthusiasm for the ruling, carrying out nearly 4 out of every 10 executions.

Unless Durst's mountainous wealth is taken into account, the laissez-faire outcome of his 2003 trial is an anomaly for Texas, which this year is on track to carry out 20 executions -- more than half of the U.S. total.  No millionaires are among them. Harris County was the source for so many of these bodies and bodies-to-be, Houston's home county may very well end 2008 as the point of origin for more executed prisoners than any state, besides Texas, of course.

The assembly-line pace of executions in Texas belies the fact that nine inmates have been freed from its death row after being found innocent and two have received clemency.

Even those who declare that Texas has enough checks to make an unjustified execution highly unlikely might feel less blustery if asked to declare it the 11 former denizens of death row. A system full of safeguards can kill an innocent person more easily than it can eliminate error and bias.

Common sense and statistics both say that wealth, social status, the race of the killer, the race of the victim, and wealth -- did I say "wealth"? -- are significant factors in determining whether a convicted killer gets the death penalty or is allowed to live.

In editorializing about Brooks' sentencing, the Concord, N.H., Monitor recalled that the U.S. Supreme Court in 1972 declared it "incontestable" that the death penalty would be unconstitutionally cruel and unusual if imposed with any consideration of the "race, religion, wealth, social position or class" of a defendant.

"But the decision to kill in the name of the state or to spare someone found guilty of a capital crime is made by human beings," the editorial mused. "Prejudice, conscious or unconscious, will always be present. The death penalty can never be administered equally, and thus should not be administered at all."

Wise words, though perhaps wasted in a state like New Hampshire where the death penalty option has gone unused since 1976. Maybe the editorial should be republished in a state or county whose prosecutors seem to spend less time pondering their own fallibility.

Comments

Texas

Dudley Sharp | 12/11/2008, 07:48

Texas is hardly an assembly line death penalty process.

On average, it takes about ten years of appeals to reach the executioner in Texas. 10 years.

On innocents released from death row, you need to revisit those 11 Texas "innocents". It turns out that about 80% of those that the anti death penalty folks calims are "innocent", they have no proof for the claim. 80%.

In a recent study, by Duke Law, it was determined that Texas was in about the middle of death penalty states, when it came to executions per murder.

and on wealth and race, we have:

Racial issues
White murderers are twice as likely to be executed in the US as are black murderers and are executed, on average, 12 months more quickly than are black death row inmates.
It is often stated that it is the race of the victim which decides who is prosecuted in death penalty cases. Although blacks and whites make up about an equal number of murder victims, capital cases are 6 times more likely to involve white victim murders than black victim murders. This, so the logic goes, is proof that the US only cares about white victims.
Hardly. Only capital murders, not all murders, are subject to a capital indictment. Generally, a capital murder is limited to murders plus secondary aggravating factors, such as murders involving burglary, carjacking, rape, and additional murders, such as police murders, serial and multiple murders. White victims are, overwhelmingly, the victims under those circumstances, in ratios nearly identical to the cases found on death row.
Any other racial combinations of defendants and/or their victims in death penalty cases, is a reflection of the crimes committed and not any racial bias within the system, as confirmed by studies from the Rand Corporation (1991), Smith College (1994), U of Maryland (2002), New Jersey Supreme Court (2003) and by a view of criminal justice statistics, within a framework of the secondary aggravating factors necessary for capital indictments.

Class issues
No one disputes that wealthier defendants can hire better lawyers and, therefore, should have a legal advantage over their poorer counterparts. The US has executed about 0.15% of all murderers since new death penalty statutes were enacted in 1973. Is there evidence that wealthier capital murderers are less likely to be executed than their poorer ilk, based upon the proportion of capital murders committed by different those different economic groups? Not to my knowledge.

The Death Penalty Provides More Protection for Innocents

Dudley Sharp | 12/11/2008, 07:49

The Death Penalty Provides More Protection for Innocents
Dudley Sharp, Justice Matters, contact info below
Often, the death penalty dialogue gravitates to the subject of innocents at risk of execution. Seldom is a more common problem reviewed. That is, how innocents are more at risk without the death penalty.
To state the blatantly clear, living murderers, in prison, after release or escape, are much more likely to harm and murder, again, than are executed murderers.
Although an obvious truism, it is surprising how often folks overlook the enhanced incapacitation benefits of the death penalty over incarceration.
No knowledgeable and honest party questions that the death penalty has the most extensive due process protections in US criminal law.
Therefore, actual innocents are more likely to be sentenced to life imprisonment and more likely to die in prison serving under that sentence, that it is that an actual innocent will be executed.
That is. logically, conclusive.
16 recent studies, inclusive of their defenses, find for death penalty deterrence.
A surprise? No.
Life is preferred over death. Death is feared more than life.
Some believe that all studies with contrary findings negate those 16 studies. They don't. Studies which don't find for deterrence don't say no one is deterred, but that they couldn't measure those deterred.
What prospect of a negative outcome doesn't deter some? There isn't one . . . although committed anti death penalty folk may say the death penalty is the only one.
However, the premier anti death penalty scholar accepts it as a given that the death penalty is a deterrent, but does not believe it to be a greater deterrent than a life sentence. Yet, the evidence is compelling and un refuted that death is feared more than life.
Some death penalty opponents argue against death penalty deterrence, stating that it's a harsher penalty to be locked up without any possibility of getting out.
Reality paints a very different picture.
What percentage of capital murderers seek a plea bargain to a death sentence? Zero or close to it. They prefer long term imprisonment.
What percentage of convicted capital murderers argue for execution in the penalty phase of their capital trial? Zero or close to it. They prefer long term imprisonment.
What percentage of death row inmates waive their appeals and speed up the execution process? Nearly zero. They prefer long term imprisonment.
This is not, even remotely, in dispute.
Life is preferred over death. Death is feared more than life.
Furthermore, history tells us that lifers have many ways to get out: Pardon, commutation, escape, clerical error, change in the law, etc.
In choosing to end the death penalty, or in choosing not implement it, some have chosen to spare murderers at the cost of sacrificing more innocent lives.
Furthermore, possibly we have sentenced 25 actually innocent people to death since 1973, or 0.3% of those so sentenced. Those have all been released upon post conviction review. The anti death penalty claims, that the numbers are significantly higher, are a fraud, easily discoverable by fact checking.
The innocents deception of death penalty opponents has been getting exposure for many years. Even the behemoth of anti death penalty newspapers, The New York Times, has recognized that deception.
To be sure, 30 or 40 categorically innocent people have been released from death row . . . (1) This when death penalty opponents were claiming the release of 119 "innocents" from death row. Death penalty opponents never required actual innocence in order for cases to be added to their "exonerated" or "innocents" list. They simply invented their own definitions for exonerated and innocent and deceptively shoe horned large numbers of inmates into those definitions - something easily discovered with fact checking.
There is no proof of an innocent executed in the US, at least since 1900.
If we accept that the best predictor of future performance is past performance, we can, reasonably, conclude that the DNA cases will be excluded prior to trial, and that for the next 8000 death sentences, that we will experience a 99.8% accuracy rate in actual guilt convictions. This improved accuracy rate does not include the many additional safeguards that have been added to the system, over and above DNA testing.
Of all the government programs in the world, that put innocents at risk, is there one with a safer record and with greater protections than the US death penalty?
Unlikely.
Full report -All Innocence Issues: The Death Penalty, upon request.
Full report - The Death Penalty as a Deterrent, upon request
(1) The Death of Innocents: A Reasonable Doubt,
New York Times Book Review, p 29, 1/23/05, Adam Liptak,
national legal correspondent for The NY Times

copyright 2007-2008, Dudley Sharp
Permission for distribution of this document, in whole or in part, is approved with proper attribution.
Dudley Sharp, Justice Matters
e-mail sharpjfa@aol.com 713-622-5491,
Houston, Texas
Mr. Sharp has appeared on ABC, BBC, CBS, CNN, C-SPAN, FOX, NBC, NPR, PBS, VOA and many other TV and radio networks, on such programs as Nightline, The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, The O'Reilly Factor, etc., has been quoted in newspapers throughout the world and is a published author.
A former opponent of capital punishment, he has written and granted interviews about, testified on and debated the subject of the death penalty, extensively and internationally.

Reply to Mr. Sharp

Elizabeth Stein | 05/12/2008, 02:12

Dear Mr. Sharp,
Thank you for your comments. I respect your opinions and your right to voice them.

Please allow me to clarify, and ask about, some possible misunderstandings reflected in your first set of comments:

1. I used the term "assembly-line" to describe the rapid-fire rate of executions in Texas in 2008. The issue you cite, of the interval between conviction and execution, is not mentioned.

2. I'm interested in learning more about the data you refer to about death-row innocents. Where may I read more? Does the information refer specifically to the Texas 11 that I mention?

3. Over the years, the Duke Law journal, Law and Contemporary Problems, has presented a range of research about capital punishment and wrongful conviction. May I ask which study you mean?

4. Ditto on any references for studies showing a lack of racial or class bias in the death penalty system. I'm more familiar with research showing that being black is a de facto "aggravating factor" in predicting a death sentence by a jury.

5. I don't know if U.S. Supreme Court Ruth Bader Ginsburg has had the benefit of the data you mention on proportionality of wealthy versus poor murderers among those executed. But she says, "I have yet to see a death case among the dozen coming to the Supreme Court on eve-of-execution stay applications in which the defendant was well represented at trial... People who are well represented at trial do not get the death penalty."

Corruption

NickS | 11/03/2010, 04:48

As for me I'm glad that the man escaped death penalty because I'm against death penalties. But the thing that he escaped any punishment indicated that the court is corrupted. Not long ago I've seen a documentary about the judicial power in different countries (Found it at rapidshare SE http://rapidpedia.com ). As for me, I like the Civil Right more.

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